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background-size:cover!important;background-position:center!important; color:#193645; }\/* nd-shared-components:end *\/\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"ndb\">\n<div class=\"ndb-wrap\">\n<section class=\"ndb-executive\">\n<h2>Estimating four electric-motor temperatures<\/h2>\n<p>A motor-temperature estimator can complement instrumentation when its operating domain is understood. This example predicts yoke, tooth, winding and magnet temperatures from eight operating measurements.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ndb-kpis\">\n<div class=\"ndb-kpi\"><strong>175<\/strong><span>Source records<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ndb-kpi\"><strong>8<\/strong><span>Final input features<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ndb-kpi\"><strong>35<\/strong><span>Test observations<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ndb-kpi\"><strong>0.971<\/strong><span>Test prediction R\u00b2 (first target)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ndb-actions\"><a class=\"aui aui-button\" href=\"#7-model-deployment\">Explore the model<\/a><a class=\"aui aui-button aui-button--secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electric-motor-data-20260921.csv\">Download the data<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<ul class=\"ndb-toc\">\n<li><a href=\"#1-industrial-challenge\">Industrial challenge<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-data-set\">Data set<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-model\">Model<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-training\">Training<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-selection\">Model selection<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6-testing\">Testing<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#7-model-deployment\">Deployment<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#8-limitations\">Limitations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span id=\"1-application-type\" class=\"nd-legacy-anchor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><section id=\"1-industrial-challenge\" class=\"ndb-card\"><h2>1. Industrial challenge<\/h2><p>Motor design and monitoring require attention to several thermal locations. This model maps one operating point to four temperatures, allowing the error at each location to be assessed separately.<\/p><div class=\"ndb-value-grid\"><div class=\"ndb-value\"><h3>Four locations<\/h3><p>Estimate yoke, tooth, winding and permanent-magnet temperatures.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"ndb-value\"><h3>Operating point<\/h3><p>Supply eight electrical and mechanical measurements.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"ndb-value\"><h3>Thermal assessment<\/h3><p>Examine each temperature error before considering a monitoring application.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ndb-audience\"><span>Motor design<\/span><span>Thermal engineering<\/span><span>Condition monitoring<\/span><\/div><div class=\"ndb-note\">Thirty-five test records provide limited evidence for a thermal model. Hold out complete sessions or machines and test transient regimes separately. This static estimator is a component for investigation, not a validated dynamic twin, controller or thermal protection system.<\/div><\/section>\n<section id=\"2-data-set\" class=\"ndb-card\"><h2>2. Data set<\/h2><p>The supplied model uses a prepared table of 175 operating records, with 35 in its test report. It is not trained on the full high-frequency public dataset. Session identifiers in the accompanying CSV make a session-level evaluation possible, but the saved split is by record.<\/p><p>The downloadable project, saved report and supplied source CSV define the exact version used here. Repository: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/wkirgsn\/electric-motor-temperature\">original dataset\/source record<\/a>. <\/p><div class=\"nd-table-scroll\" tabindex=\"0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Subset<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Records<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Training<\/th><td>105<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Validation \/ selection<\/th><td>35<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Testing<\/th><td>35<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Unused<\/th><td>0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nd-table-scroll\" tabindex=\"0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Variable<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Encoding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">ambient_temperature<\/th><td>Input<\/td><td>Numeric<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">coolant_temperature<\/th><td>Input<\/td><td>Numeric<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">speed<\/th><td>Input<\/td><td>Numeric<\/td><td><\/td><td>rpm<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">torque<\/th><td>Input<\/td><td>Numeric<\/td><td><\/td><td>N\u00b7m<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">voltage_d<\/th><td>Input<\/td><td>Numeric<\/td><td><\/td><td>As supplied<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">voltage_q<\/th><td>Input<\/td><td>Numeric<\/td><td><\/td><td>As supplied<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">current_d<\/th><td>Input<\/td><td>Numeric<\/td><td><\/td><td>As supplied<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">current_q<\/th><td>Input<\/td><td>Numeric<\/td><td><\/td><td>As supplied<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">yoke_temperature<\/th><td>Target<\/td><td>Numeric<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">tooth_temperature<\/th><td>Target<\/td><td>Numeric<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">winding_temperature<\/th><td>Target<\/td><td>Numeric<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">magnet_temperature<\/th><td>Target<\/td><td>Numeric<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><figure class=\"nd-native-figure\"><div class=\"nd-chart-bundle\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Interactive chart; scroll horizontally on narrow screens\" data-native-chart=\"nd-electric-motor-t0-s10-20260921\"><div class=\"nd-chart-host\" id=\"nd-electric-motor-t0-s10-20260921\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"tooth_temperature distribution\"><\/div><p class=\"nd-chart-fallback\">Interactive chart: tooth_temperature distribution. Enable JavaScript to explore it.<\/p><script type=\"application\/json\">{\"config\":{\"displayModeBar\":true,\"displaylogo\":false,\"editable\":false,\"responsive\":true,\"scrollZoom\":true,\"toImageButtonOptions\":{\"filename\":\"neural-designer-chart\",\"format\":\"svg\"}},\"data\":[{\"marker\":{\"color\":\"#209fdf\"},\"name\":\"\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"bar\",\"x\":[\"22.6\",\"30.6\",\"38.5\",\"46.5\",\"54.5\",\"62.4\",\"70.4\",\"78.4\",\"86.3\",\"94.3\"],\"y\":[17.700000762939453,13.100000381469727,8,10.300000190734863,10.899999618530273,8.600000381469727,6.900000095367432,9.699999809265137,9.699999809265137,5.099999904632568]}],\"layout\":{\"autosize\":true,\"font\":{\"color\":\"#30343b\",\"family\":\"Arial, sans-serif\",\"size\":14},\"hovermode\":\"closest\",\"margin\":{\"b\":68,\"l\":72,\"pad\":4,\"r\":36,\"t\":112},\"paper_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"plot_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"title\":{\"automargin\":true,\"pad\":{\"t\":48},\"text\":\"tooth_temperature histogram\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":1,\"yanchor\":\"top\",\"yref\":\"container\"},\"xaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"categoryarray\":[\"22.6\",\"30.6\",\"38.5\",\"46.5\",\"54.5\",\"62.4\",\"70.4\",\"78.4\",\"86.3\",\"94.3\"],\"categoryorder\":\"array\",\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"title\":{\"text\":\"Bin center\"},\"type\":\"category\",\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"},\"yaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[0,20.005],\"title\":{\"text\":\"% frequency\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"}}}<\/script><\/div><figcaption>tooth_temperature distribution. Exported with Neural Designer from the saved task report.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nd-native-figure\"><div class=\"nd-chart-bundle\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Interactive chart; scroll horizontally on narrow screens\" data-native-chart=\"nd-electric-motor-t1-s1-20260921\"><div class=\"nd-chart-host\" id=\"nd-electric-motor-t1-s1-20260921\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"yoke_temperature Pearson correlations chart\"><\/div><p class=\"nd-chart-fallback\">Interactive chart: yoke_temperature Pearson correlations chart. Enable JavaScript to explore it.<\/p><script type=\"application\/json\">{\"config\":{\"displayModeBar\":true,\"displaylogo\":false,\"editable\":false,\"responsive\":true,\"scrollZoom\":true,\"toImageButtonOptions\":{\"filename\":\"neural-designer-chart\",\"format\":\"svg\"}},\"data\":[{\"marker\":{\"color\":\"#209fdf\"},\"name\":\"\",\"opacity\":1,\"orientation\":\"h\",\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"bar\",\"x\":[-0.38100001215934753,-0.3529999852180481,0.0608999989926815,0.1720000058412552,0.1979999989271164,0.3109999895095825,0.42100000381469727,0.8090000152587891],\"y\":[\"current_d\",\"voltage_d\",\"voltage_q\",\"current_q\",\"torque\",\"speed\",\"ambient_temperature\",\"coolant_temperature\"]}],\"layout\":{\"autosize\":true,\"font\":{\"color\":\"#30343b\",\"family\":\"Arial, sans-serif\",\"size\":14},\"hovermode\":\"closest\",\"margin\":{\"b\":68,\"l\":72,\"pad\":4,\"r\":36,\"t\":112},\"paper_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"plot_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"title\":{\"automargin\":true,\"pad\":{\"t\":48},\"text\":\"yoke_temperature Pearson correlations chart\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":1,\"yanchor\":\"top\",\"yref\":\"container\"},\"xaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[-1,1],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Correlation\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"},\"yaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"autorange\":\"reversed\",\"categoryarray\":[\"current_d\",\"voltage_d\",\"voltage_q\",\"current_q\",\"torque\",\"speed\",\"ambient_temperature\",\"coolant_temperature\"],\"categoryorder\":\"array\",\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"type\":\"category\",\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"}}}<\/script><\/div><figcaption>yoke_temperature Pearson correlations chart. Exported with Neural Designer from the saved task report.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nd-native-figure\"><div class=\"nd-chart-bundle\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Interactive chart; scroll horizontally on narrow screens\" data-native-chart=\"nd-electric-motor-t1-s3-20260921\"><div class=\"nd-chart-host\" id=\"nd-electric-motor-t1-s3-20260921\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"tooth_temperature Pearson correlations chart\"><\/div><p class=\"nd-chart-fallback\">Interactive chart: tooth_temperature Pearson correlations chart. Enable JavaScript to explore it.<\/p><script type=\"application\/json\">{\"config\":{\"displayModeBar\":true,\"displaylogo\":false,\"editable\":false,\"responsive\":true,\"scrollZoom\":true,\"toImageButtonOptions\":{\"filename\":\"neural-designer-chart\",\"format\":\"svg\"}},\"data\":[{\"marker\":{\"color\":\"#209fdf\"},\"name\":\"\",\"opacity\":1,\"orientation\":\"h\",\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"bar\",\"x\":[-0.6100000143051147,-0.5400000214576721,0.10999999940395355,0.3009999990463257,0.3330000042915344,0.34200000762939453,0.4880000054836273,0.5339999794960022],\"y\":[\"current_d\",\"voltage_d\",\"voltage_q\",\"current_q\",\"ambient_temperature\",\"torque\",\"speed\",\"coolant_temperature\"]}],\"layout\":{\"autosize\":true,\"font\":{\"color\":\"#30343b\",\"family\":\"Arial, sans-serif\",\"size\":14},\"hovermode\":\"closest\",\"margin\":{\"b\":68,\"l\":72,\"pad\":4,\"r\":36,\"t\":112},\"paper_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"plot_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"title\":{\"automargin\":true,\"pad\":{\"t\":48},\"text\":\"tooth_temperature Pearson correlations chart\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":1,\"yanchor\":\"top\",\"yref\":\"container\"},\"xaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[-1,1],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Correlation\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"},\"yaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"autorange\":\"reversed\",\"categoryarray\":[\"current_d\",\"voltage_d\",\"voltage_q\",\"current_q\",\"ambient_temperature\",\"torque\",\"speed\",\"coolant_temperature\"],\"categoryorder\":\"array\",\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"type\":\"category\",\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"}}}<\/script><\/div><figcaption>tooth_temperature Pearson correlations chart. Exported with Neural Designer from the saved task report.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nd-native-figure\"><div class=\"nd-chart-bundle\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Interactive chart; scroll horizontally on narrow screens\" data-native-chart=\"nd-electric-motor-t1-s5-20260921\"><div class=\"nd-chart-host\" id=\"nd-electric-motor-t1-s5-20260921\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"winding_temperature Pearson correlations chart\"><\/div><p class=\"nd-chart-fallback\">Interactive chart: winding_temperature Pearson correlations chart. Enable JavaScript to explore it.<\/p><script type=\"application\/json\">{\"config\":{\"displayModeBar\":true,\"displaylogo\":false,\"editable\":false,\"responsive\":true,\"scrollZoom\":true,\"toImageButtonOptions\":{\"filename\":\"neural-designer-chart\",\"format\":\"svg\"}},\"data\":[{\"marker\":{\"color\":\"#209fdf\"},\"name\":\"\",\"opacity\":1,\"orientation\":\"h\",\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"bar\",\"x\":[-0.7699999809265137,-0.6629999876022339,0.08860000222921371,0.2619999945163727,0.3709999918937683,0.39899998903274536,0.4480000138282776,0.5519999861717224],\"y\":[\"current_d\",\"voltage_d\",\"voltage_q\",\"ambient_temperature\",\"coolant_temperature\",\"current_q\",\"torque\",\"speed\"]}],\"layout\":{\"autosize\":true,\"font\":{\"color\":\"#30343b\",\"family\":\"Arial, sans-serif\",\"size\":14},\"hovermode\":\"closest\",\"margin\":{\"b\":68,\"l\":72,\"pad\":4,\"r\":36,\"t\":112},\"paper_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"plot_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"title\":{\"automargin\":true,\"pad\":{\"t\":48},\"text\":\"winding_temperature Pearson correlations chart\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":1,\"yanchor\":\"top\",\"yref\":\"container\"},\"xaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[-1,1],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Correlation\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"},\"yaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"autorange\":\"reversed\",\"categoryarray\":[\"current_d\",\"voltage_d\",\"voltage_q\",\"ambient_temperature\",\"coolant_temperature\",\"current_q\",\"torque\",\"speed\"],\"categoryorder\":\"array\",\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"type\":\"category\",\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"}}}<\/script><\/div><figcaption>winding_temperature Pearson correlations chart. Exported with Neural Designer from the saved task report.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nd-native-figure\"><div class=\"nd-chart-bundle\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Interactive chart; scroll horizontally on narrow screens\" data-native-chart=\"nd-electric-motor-t1-s7-20260921\"><div class=\"nd-chart-host\" id=\"nd-electric-motor-t1-s7-20260921\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"magnet_temperature Pearson correlations chart\"><\/div><p class=\"nd-chart-fallback\">Interactive chart: magnet_temperature Pearson correlations chart. Enable JavaScript to explore it.<\/p><script type=\"application\/json\">{\"config\":{\"displayModeBar\":true,\"displaylogo\":false,\"editable\":false,\"responsive\":true,\"scrollZoom\":true,\"toImageButtonOptions\":{\"filename\":\"neural-designer-chart\",\"format\":\"svg\"}},\"data\":[{\"marker\":{\"color\":\"#209fdf\"},\"name\":\"\",\"opacity\":1,\"orientation\":\"h\",\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"bar\",\"x\":[-0.7070000171661377,-0.6069999933242798,-0.029400000348687172,0.14100000262260437,0.20000000298023224,0.32899999618530273,0.42100000381469727,0.5809999704360962],\"y\":[\"current_d\",\"voltage_d\",\"voltage_q\",\"current_q\",\"torque\",\"coolant_temperature\",\"ambient_temperature\",\"speed\"]}],\"layout\":{\"autosize\":true,\"font\":{\"color\":\"#30343b\",\"family\":\"Arial, sans-serif\",\"size\":14},\"hovermode\":\"closest\",\"margin\":{\"b\":68,\"l\":72,\"pad\":4,\"r\":36,\"t\":112},\"paper_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"plot_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"title\":{\"automargin\":true,\"pad\":{\"t\":48},\"text\":\"magnet_temperature Pearson correlations chart\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":1,\"yanchor\":\"top\",\"yref\":\"container\"},\"xaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[-1,1],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Correlation\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"},\"yaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"autorange\":\"reversed\",\"categoryarray\":[\"current_d\",\"voltage_d\",\"voltage_q\",\"current_q\",\"torque\",\"coolant_temperature\",\"ambient_temperature\",\"speed\"],\"categoryorder\":\"array\",\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"type\":\"category\",\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"}}}<\/script><\/div><figcaption>magnet_temperature Pearson correlations chart. Exported with Neural Designer from the saved task report.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nd-native-figure\"><div class=\"nd-chart-bundle\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Interactive chart; scroll horizontally on narrow screens\" data-native-chart=\"nd-electric-motor-t4-s5-20260921\"><div class=\"nd-chart-host\" id=\"nd-electric-motor-t4-s5-20260921\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"winding_temperature vs. ambient_temperature scatter chart\"><\/div><p class=\"nd-chart-fallback\">Interactive chart: winding_temperature vs. ambient_temperature scatter chart. Enable JavaScript to explore it.<\/p><script 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sans-serif\",\"size\":14},\"hovermode\":\"closest\",\"margin\":{\"b\":68,\"l\":72,\"pad\":4,\"r\":36,\"t\":112},\"paper_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"plot_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"title\":{\"automargin\":true,\"pad\":{\"t\":48},\"text\":\"winding_temperature vs. ambient_temperature scatter chart\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":1,\"yanchor\":\"top\",\"yref\":\"container\"},\"xaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[18,30.002],\"title\":{\"text\":\"ambient_temperature\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"},\"yaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[0,140.02],\"title\":{\"text\":\"winding_temperature\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"}}}<\/script><\/div><figcaption>winding_temperature vs. ambient_temperature scatter chart. Exported with Neural Designer from the saved task report.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"ndb-note\">This is internal validation using the saved record-level split. Grouped or temporal independence has not been established.<\/div><\/section>\n<span id=\"3-neural-network\" class=\"nd-legacy-anchor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><section id=\"3-model\" class=\"ndb-card\"><h2>3. Model<\/h2><p>The final model has <strong>8 encoded input features<\/strong> and <strong>4 outputs<\/strong>. The following dimensions describe the final saved network.<\/p><div class=\"nd-table-scroll\" tabindex=\"0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Layer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Input shape<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Output shape<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Activation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Scaling<\/th><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Dense<\/th><td>8<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Tanh<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Dense<\/th><td>3<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Identity<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Unscaling<\/th><td>4<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Clamping<\/th><td>4<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p>The final output is a continuous estimate. Scaling, unscaling and any bounds follow the saved implementation; the calculator does not silently impose physical constraints.<\/p><figure class=\"ndb-architecture-figure\" data-model-stage=\"initial\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nd-electric-motor-final-architecture-20260921.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ndb-architecture\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nd-electric-motor-final-architecture-20260921.png\" alt=\"Estimating four electric-motor temperatures: initial Neural Designer architecture\"><\/a><figcaption>Architecture used for this model; no architecture-selection experiment is recorded. Diagram labels show original variables; categorical expansion and the numeric layer dimensions are documented in the model table.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/section>\n<span id=\"4-training-strategy\" class=\"nd-legacy-anchor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><section id=\"4-training\" class=\"ndb-card\"><h2>4. Training strategy<\/h2><p>The saved training configuration uses NormalizedSquaredError with QuasiNewton. Training minimizes the recorded objective; the validation subset monitors generalization during fitting. The testing subset is used for the evaluation below.<\/p><figure class=\"nd-native-figure\"><div class=\"nd-chart-bundle\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Interactive chart; scroll horizontally on narrow screens\" data-native-chart=\"nd-electric-motor-t2-s2-20260921\"><div class=\"nd-chart-host\" id=\"nd-electric-motor-t2-s2-20260921\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Quasi-Newton method error history\"><\/div><p class=\"nd-chart-fallback\">Interactive chart: Quasi-Newton method error history. Enable JavaScript to explore it.<\/p><script type=\"application\/json\">{\"config\":{\"displayModeBar\":true,\"displaylogo\":false,\"editable\":false,\"responsive\":true,\"scrollZoom\":true,\"toImageButtonOptions\":{\"filename\":\"neural-designer-chart\",\"format\":\"svg\"}},\"data\":[{\"connectgaps\":false,\"line\":{\"color\":\"#529cc2\",\"dash\":\"solid\",\"width\":2},\"mode\":\"lines\",\"name\":\"Training error\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":true,\"type\":\"scatter\",\"x\":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70],\"y\":[0.9980000257492065,0.9750000238418579,0.902999997138977,0.7170000076293945,0.46399998664855957,0.3370000123977661,0.1860000044107437,0.1589999943971634,0.11800000071525574,0.10400000214576721,0.08550000190734863,0.07999999821186066,0.07360000163316727,0.06689999997615814,0.0640999972820282,0.06120000034570694,0.05959999933838844,0.05810000002384186,0.0560000017285347,0.05389999970793724,0.05249999836087227,0.051899999380111694,0.05119999870657921,0.0502999983727932,0.04919999837875366,0.04830000177025795,0.04800000041723251,0.04769999906420708,0.0478999987244606,0.04800000041723251,0.04809999838471413,0.04809999838471413,0.04800000041723251,0.04800000041723251,0.0478999987244606,0.04780000075697899,0.04769999906420708,0.04749999940395355,0.04749999940395355,0.04740000143647194,0.04729999974370003,0.04699999839067459,0.04650000110268593,0.04600000008940697,0.04560000076889992,0.04540000110864639,0.045499999076128006,0.04540000110864639,0.04560000076889992,0.04529999941587448,0.04529999941587448,0.04500000178813934,0.04479999840259552,0.044599998742341995,0.04450000077486038,0.04430000111460686,0.04430000111460686,0.04410000145435333,0.04410000145435333,0.04399999976158142,0.04390000179409981,0.043800000101327896,0.043699998408555984,0.043699998408555984,0.043699998408555984,0.043699998408555984,0.043699998408555984,0.043699998408555984,0.043699998408555984,0.043699998408555984,0.043699998408555984]},{\"connectgaps\":false,\"line\":{\"color\":\"#ed982a\",\"dash\":\"solid\",\"width\":2},\"mode\":\"lines\",\"name\":\"Validation error\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":true,\"type\":\"scatter\",\"x\":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70],\"y\":[0.7099999785423279,0.6610000133514404,0.550000011920929,0.40400001406669617,0.37299999594688416,0.19900000095367432,0.18799999356269836,0.1809999942779541,0.15600000321865082,0.11999999731779099,0.11800000071525574,0.11800000071525574,0.11299999803304672,0.10599999874830246,0.0997999981045723,0.09749999642372131,0.09690000116825104,0.09480000287294388,0.08839999884366989,0.08370000123977661,0.08240000158548355,0.08160000294446945,0.08110000193119049,0.08259999752044678,0.08290000259876251,0.08460000157356262,0.08389999717473984,0.08479999750852585,0.08449999988079071,0.08429999649524689,0.08449999988079071,0.08460000157356262,0.08479999750852585,0.08489999920129776,0.08489999920129776,0.08460000157356262,0.08420000225305557,0.08389999717473984,0.08380000293254852,0.08380000293254852,0.08380000293254852,0.08380000293254852,0.08349999785423279,0.08299999684095383,0.08229999989271164,0.08160000294446945,0.08030000329017639,0.07900000363588333,0.07739999890327454,0.0771000012755394,0.07660000026226044,0.07680000364780426,0.07649999856948853,0.0771000012755394,0.07720000296831131,0.07800000160932541,0.07810000330209732,0.07859999686479568,0.07850000262260437,0.07850000262260437,0.07850000262260437,0.07850000262260437,0.07850000262260437,0.07859999686479568,0.07880000025033951,0.07890000194311142,0.07900000363588333,0.07909999787807465,0.07919999957084656,0.07930000126361847,0.07930000126361847]}],\"layout\":{\"autosize\":true,\"font\":{\"color\":\"#30343b\",\"family\":\"Arial, sans-serif\",\"size\":14},\"hovermode\":\"closest\",\"legend\":{\"orientation\":\"h\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":-0.24,\"yanchor\":\"top\"},\"margin\":{\"b\":120,\"l\":72,\"pad\":4,\"r\":36,\"t\":112},\"paper_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"plot_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"title\":{\"automargin\":true,\"pad\":{\"t\":48},\"text\":\"Quasi-Newton method error history\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":1,\"yanchor\":\"top\",\"yref\":\"container\"},\"xaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[0,70],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Epoch\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"},\"yaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[0,1.0002],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Normalized squared error\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"}}}<\/script><\/div><figcaption>Quasi-Newton method error history. Exported with Neural Designer from the saved task report.<\/figcaption><\/figure><h3>Quasi-Newton method results<\/h3><div class=\"nd-table-scroll\" tabindex=\"0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Measure<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Epochs number<\/th><td>71<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Elapsed time<\/th><td>00:00:00<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Stopping criterion<\/th><td>Minimum loss decrease<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Training error<\/th><td>0.045<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Validation error<\/th><td>0.076<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section>\n<span id=\"5-model-selection\" class=\"nd-legacy-anchor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><section id=\"5-selection\" class=\"ndb-card\"><h2>5. Model selection<\/h2><p>No model selection experiment is recorded in this supplied project. The displayed architecture is the trained model used for testing; earlier article claims about a different selected architecture do not apply to this version.<\/p><\/section>\n<span id=\"6-testing-analysis\" class=\"nd-legacy-anchor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><section id=\"6-testing\" class=\"ndb-card\"><h2>6. Testing analysis<\/h2><p>The final model is evaluated on <strong>35 testing observations<\/strong>. MAE, RMSE and prediction R\u00b2 below are computed from the exact testing pairs stored by Neural Designer. Errors retain each target\u2019s original units.<\/p><div class=\"nd-table-scroll\" tabindex=\"0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Target<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">MAE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">RMSE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Prediction R\u00b2<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pearson r\u00b2<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">yoke_temperature<\/th><td>\u00b0C<\/td><td>2.466<\/td><td>3.032<\/td><td>0.971<\/td><td>0.976<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">tooth_temperature<\/th><td>\u00b0C<\/td><td>3.162<\/td><td>3.857<\/td><td>0.969<\/td><td>0.972<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">winding_temperature<\/th><td>\u00b0C<\/td><td>3.959<\/td><td>5.084<\/td><td>0.969<\/td><td>0.97<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">magnet_temperature<\/th><td>\u00b0C<\/td><td>5.846<\/td><td>7.247<\/td><td>0.849<\/td><td>0.852<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p>The native goodness-of-fit task reports squared Pearson correlation (r\u00b2). Prediction R\u00b2 here is 1 \u2212 squared prediction error \/ squared deviation from the test mean. They measure different properties: a strongly correlated prediction can still have a bias or an incorrect scale.<\/p><div class=\"nd-native-test-figures\"><figure class=\"nd-native-figure\"><div class=\"nd-chart-bundle\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Interactive chart; scroll horizontally on narrow screens\" data-native-chart=\"nd-electric-motor-t3-s2-20260921\"><div class=\"nd-chart-host\" id=\"nd-electric-motor-t3-s2-20260921\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"yoke_temperature goodness-of-fit chart\"><\/div><p class=\"nd-chart-fallback\">Interactive chart: yoke_temperature goodness-of-fit chart. Enable JavaScript to explore it.<\/p><script type=\"application\/json\">{\"config\":{\"displayModeBar\":true,\"displaylogo\":false,\"editable\":false,\"responsive\":true,\"scrollZoom\":true,\"toImageButtonOptions\":{\"filename\":\"neural-designer-chart\",\"format\":\"svg\"}},\"data\":[{\"connectgaps\":false,\"marker\":{\"color\":\"#209fdf\",\"size\":8,\"symbol\":\"circle\"},\"mode\":\"markers\",\"name\":\"Predicted yoke_temperature\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"scatter\",\"x\":[29.619400024414062,19.664600372314453,39.450401306152344,24.900400161743164,64.08000183105469,19.869400024414062,32.637901306152344,19.848899841308594,60.674598693847656,21.339599609375,52.59700012207031,44.34410095214844,19.84910011291504,37.935699462890625,53.064701080322266,35.839298248291016,64.09200286865234,72.12329864501953,19.849599838256836,19.850400924682617,19.85059928894043,51.06010055541992,59.517601013183594,35.9822998046875,72.12129974365234,39.1776008605957,36.16680145263672,72.23419952392578,53.355899810791016,54.21860122680664,37.82509994506836,45.93830108642578,45.71969985961914,64.45320129394531,76.89969635009766],\"y\":[30.263118743896484,22.92698097229004,40.80284881591797,25.585433959960938,62.32567596435547,24.029550552368164,32.53944396972656,24.569292068481445,58.970375061035156,22.875951766967773,53.128875732421875,46.12975311279297,22.56643295288086,39.46656036376953,54.11805725097656,37.1619987487793,68.04090118408203,77.00465393066406,23.289154052734375,21.988433837890625,21.979736328125,53.985816955566406,57.72734069824219,32.27420425415039,74.71887969970703,41.2119026184082,33.7646598815918,77.232177734375,49.711822509765625,63.478179931640625,35.03511428833008,45.981651306152344,42.845436096191406,65.13383483886719,75.725341796875]},{\"connectgaps\":false,\"line\":{\"color\":\"#3c3c3c\",\"dash\":\"solid\",\"width\":2},\"mode\":\"lines\",\"name\":\"Predicted yoke_temperature\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"scatter\",\"x\":[10,100.01],\"y\":[10,100.01]}],\"layout\":{\"autosize\":true,\"font\":{\"color\":\"#30343b\",\"family\":\"Arial, sans-serif\",\"size\":14},\"hovermode\":\"closest\",\"margin\":{\"b\":68,\"l\":72,\"pad\":4,\"r\":36,\"t\":112},\"paper_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"plot_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"title\":{\"automargin\":true,\"pad\":{\"t\":48},\"text\":\"yoke_temperature goodness-of-fit chart\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":1,\"yanchor\":\"top\",\"yref\":\"container\"},\"xaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[8.1998,101.81020000000001],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Actual yoke_temperature\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"},\"yaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[8.1998,101.81020000000001],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Predicted yoke_temperature\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"}}}<\/script><\/div><figcaption>yoke_temperature goodness-of-fit chart. Exported with Neural Designer from the saved task report.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nd-native-figure\"><div class=\"nd-chart-bundle\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Interactive chart; scroll horizontally on narrow screens\" data-native-chart=\"nd-electric-motor-t3-s4-20260921\"><div class=\"nd-chart-host\" id=\"nd-electric-motor-t3-s4-20260921\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"tooth_temperature goodness-of-fit chart\"><\/div><p class=\"nd-chart-fallback\">Interactive chart: tooth_temperature goodness-of-fit chart. Enable JavaScript to explore it.<\/p><script type=\"application\/json\">{\"config\":{\"displayModeBar\":true,\"displaylogo\":false,\"editable\":false,\"responsive\":true,\"scrollZoom\":true,\"toImageButtonOptions\":{\"filename\":\"neural-designer-chart\",\"format\":\"svg\"}},\"data\":[{\"connectgaps\":false,\"marker\":{\"color\":\"#209fdf\",\"size\":8,\"symbol\":\"circle\"},\"mode\":\"markers\",\"name\":\"Predicted tooth_temperature\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"scatter\",\"x\":[35.673500061035156,19.85059928894043,54.309200286865234,27.81290054321289,92.13700103759766,22.538999557495117,39.801998138427734,19.862499237060547,89.24759674072266,23.167499542236328,77.20110321044922,58.282100677490234,19.85059928894043,52.570701599121094,77.19259643554688,46.387901306152344,64.97019958496094,82.38259887695312,19.854900360107422,19.854400634765625,21.890600204467773,51.28620147705078,71.64600372314453,39.452301025390625,72.12159729003906,45.41699981689453,39.452301025390625,78.7323989868164,56.4734992980957,59.08440017700195,37.80110168457031,55.859500885009766,45.98360061645508,64.07029724121094,76.09629821777344],\"y\":[36.99163055419922,24.200761795043945,50.4456672668457,26.676700592041016,86.71540832519531,26.411455154418945,40.76122283935547,26.24656867980957,83.27536010742188,23.625782012939453,76.15587615966797,59.540252685546875,23.997379302978516,51.19908905029297,77.1086196899414,44.76591110229492,70.71404266357422,86.1004638671875,24.534812927246094,23.186416625976562,23.099117279052734,56.06270980834961,69.41520690917969,35.371910095214844,76.45777893066406,48.587642669677734,37.02252197265625,85.14332580566406,51.63150405883789,69.10874938964844,36.87002182006836,56.11469268798828,44.88969039916992,66.92387390136719,77.38589477539062]},{\"connectgaps\":false,\"line\":{\"color\":\"#3c3c3c\",\"dash\":\"solid\",\"width\":2},\"mode\":\"lines\",\"name\":\"Predicted tooth_temperature\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"scatter\",\"x\":[0,100.02],\"y\":[0,100.02]}],\"layout\":{\"autosize\":true,\"font\":{\"color\":\"#30343b\",\"family\":\"Arial, sans-serif\",\"size\":14},\"hovermode\":\"closest\",\"margin\":{\"b\":68,\"l\":72,\"pad\":4,\"r\":36,\"t\":112},\"paper_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"plot_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"title\":{\"automargin\":true,\"pad\":{\"t\":48},\"text\":\"tooth_temperature goodness-of-fit chart\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":1,\"yanchor\":\"top\",\"yref\":\"container\"},\"xaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[-2.0004,102.0204],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Actual tooth_temperature\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"},\"yaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[-2.0004,102.0204],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Predicted tooth_temperature\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"}}}<\/script><\/div><figcaption>tooth_temperature goodness-of-fit chart. Exported with Neural Designer from the saved task report.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nd-native-figure\"><div class=\"nd-chart-bundle\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Interactive chart; scroll horizontally on narrow screens\" data-native-chart=\"nd-electric-motor-t3-s6-20260921\"><div class=\"nd-chart-host\" id=\"nd-electric-motor-t3-s6-20260921\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"winding_temperature goodness-of-fit chart\"><\/div><p class=\"nd-chart-fallback\">Interactive chart: winding_temperature goodness-of-fit chart. Enable JavaScript to explore it.<\/p><script type=\"application\/json\">{\"config\":{\"displayModeBar\":true,\"displaylogo\":false,\"editable\":false,\"responsive\":true,\"scrollZoom\":true,\"toImageButtonOptions\":{\"filename\":\"neural-designer-chart\",\"format\":\"svg\"}},\"data\":[{\"connectgaps\":false,\"marker\":{\"color\":\"#209fdf\",\"size\":8,\"symbol\":\"circle\"},\"mode\":\"markers\",\"name\":\"Predicted winding_temperature\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"scatter\",\"x\":[43.190101623535156,19.857799530029297,65.05850219726562,26.38949966430664,124.04959869384766,23.95669937133789,45.98529815673828,21.49169921875,120.39550018310547,23.502899169921875,100.71260070800781,79.79830169677734,21.217500686645508,63.82429885864258,102.09629821777344,56.284400939941406,66.78089904785156,90.62210083007812,21.40519905090332,21.524200439453125,22.395099639892578,52.58470153808594,86.80269622802734,41.78310012817383,72.14009857177734,52.5525016784668,41.97119903564453,83.97029876708984,57.47919845581055,62.8302001953125,38.666500091552734,66.04309844970703,45.98619842529297,64.8595962524414,78.70670318603516],\"y\":[44.15393829345703,24.236061096191406,57.909908294677734,25.87445831298828,112.7827377319336,27.879486083984375,48.40066146850586,26.186405181884766,109.20291137695312,22.9774169921875,99.3985595703125,77.1142807006836,24.465763092041016,63.07076644897461,101.71430206298828,50.85954284667969,73.54424285888672,95.67192840576172,24.445751190185547,23.78011703491211,23.620807647705078,56.67047119140625,84.32240295410156,37.63938903808594,78.42594146728516,56.21057891845703,38.87003707885742,94.12478637695312,53.05392837524414,75.3189697265625,36.952293395996094,67.835693359375,45.11231231689453,68.33051300048828,79.43777465820312]},{\"connectgaps\":false,\"line\":{\"color\":\"#3c3c3c\",\"dash\":\"solid\",\"width\":2},\"mode\":\"lines\",\"name\":\"Predicted winding_temperature\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"scatter\",\"x\":[0,140.02],\"y\":[0,140.02]}],\"layout\":{\"autosize\":true,\"font\":{\"color\":\"#30343b\",\"family\":\"Arial, sans-serif\",\"size\":14},\"hovermode\":\"closest\",\"margin\":{\"b\":68,\"l\":72,\"pad\":4,\"r\":36,\"t\":112},\"paper_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"plot_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"title\":{\"automargin\":true,\"pad\":{\"t\":48},\"text\":\"winding_temperature goodness-of-fit chart\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":1,\"yanchor\":\"top\",\"yref\":\"container\"},\"xaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[-2.8004000000000002,142.8204],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Actual winding_temperature\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"},\"yaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[-2.8004000000000002,142.8204],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Predicted winding_temperature\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"}}}<\/script><\/div><figcaption>winding_temperature goodness-of-fit chart. Exported with Neural Designer from the saved task report.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nd-native-figure\"><div class=\"nd-chart-bundle\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Interactive chart; scroll horizontally on narrow screens\" data-native-chart=\"nd-electric-motor-t3-s8-20260921\"><div class=\"nd-chart-host\" id=\"nd-electric-motor-t3-s8-20260921\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"magnet_temperature goodness-of-fit chart\"><\/div><p class=\"nd-chart-fallback\">Interactive chart: magnet_temperature goodness-of-fit chart. Enable JavaScript to explore it.<\/p><script type=\"application\/json\">{\"config\":{\"displayModeBar\":true,\"displaylogo\":false,\"editable\":false,\"responsive\":true,\"scrollZoom\":true,\"toImageButtonOptions\":{\"filename\":\"neural-designer-chart\",\"format\":\"svg\"}},\"data\":[{\"connectgaps\":false,\"marker\":{\"color\":\"#209fdf\",\"size\":8,\"symbol\":\"circle\"},\"mode\":\"markers\",\"name\":\"Predicted magnet_temperature\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"scatter\",\"x\":[39.92259979248047,30.165300369262695,69.856201171875,35.517601013183594,96.55339813232422,47.663299560546875,51.98350143432617,54.54100036621094,95.37870025634766,30.430500030517578,89.14939880371094,33.92060089111328,34.88199996948242,58.54690170288086,80.73169708251953,58.60260009765625,62.00559997558594,83.39289855957031,29.09869956970215,31.004899978637695,30.5935001373291,63.47480010986328,70.58589935302734,54.01860046386719,63.93600082397461,37.94620132446289,41.77040100097656,67.92230224609375,61.44850158691406,54.381900787353516,45.54330062866211,52.24250030517578,62.654598236083984,56.914100646972656,65.32669830322266],\"y\":[43.14023208618164,35.97831726074219,65.74512481689453,40.23747634887695,88.98442077636719,37.21131896972656,51.16544723510742,39.78786087036133,86.63020324707031,35.762367248535156,85.99453735351562,50.22480010986328,34.861576080322266,58.79282760620117,81.08475494384766,57.26358413696289,65.42542266845703,80.66768646240234,36.58137512207031,32.651954650878906,32.49714279174805,60.74652862548828,59.74518966674805,43.99079895019531,68.5444107055664,52.857017517089844,47.634639739990234,76.62283325195312,53.521697998046875,65.02165985107422,47.70922088623047,55.27663040161133,53.99296569824219,64.0888671875,68.50952911376953]},{\"connectgaps\":false,\"line\":{\"color\":\"#3c3c3c\",\"dash\":\"solid\",\"width\":2},\"mode\":\"lines\",\"name\":\"Predicted magnet_temperature\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"scatter\",\"x\":[20,120.02],\"y\":[20,120.02]}],\"layout\":{\"autosize\":true,\"font\":{\"color\":\"#30343b\",\"family\":\"Arial, sans-serif\",\"size\":14},\"hovermode\":\"closest\",\"margin\":{\"b\":68,\"l\":72,\"pad\":4,\"r\":36,\"t\":112},\"paper_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"plot_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"title\":{\"automargin\":true,\"pad\":{\"t\":48},\"text\":\"magnet_temperature goodness-of-fit chart\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":1,\"yanchor\":\"top\",\"yref\":\"container\"},\"xaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[17.9996,122.0204],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Actual magnet_temperature\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"},\"yaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[17.9996,122.0204],\"title\":{\"text\":\"Predicted magnet_temperature\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"}}}<\/script><\/div><figcaption>magnet_temperature goodness-of-fit chart. Exported with Neural Designer from the saved task report.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section>\n<section id=\"7-model-deployment\" class=\"ndb-card\"><h2>7. Model deployment<\/h2><p>Validated inputs \u2192 saved preprocessing \u2192 neural network \u2192 score or estimate \u2192 domain review. The ZIP contains the original project, source CSV, schema, test metrics and standalone interactive chart exports. The project hash in the schema identifies this exact version.<\/p><h3>Directional response at a fixed reference point<\/h3><details><summary>Inspect the saved reference point<\/summary><div class=\"nd-table-scroll\" tabindex=\"0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Measure<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Variable<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">1<\/th><td>ambient_temperature<\/td><td>24.426<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2<\/th><td>coolant_temperature<\/td><td>18.667<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">3<\/th><td>speed<\/td><td>4500<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">4<\/th><td>torque<\/td><td>20.092<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">5<\/th><td>voltage_d<\/td><td>-42.684<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">6<\/th><td>voltage_q<\/td><td>124.37<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">7<\/th><td>current_d<\/td><td>-91.699<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">8<\/th><td>current_q<\/td><td>24.509<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/details><figure class=\"nd-native-figure\"><div class=\"nd-chart-bundle\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Interactive chart; scroll horizontally on narrow screens\" data-native-chart=\"nd-electric-motor-t5-s16-20260921\"><div class=\"nd-chart-host\" id=\"nd-electric-motor-t5-s16-20260921\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"winding_temperature - torque directional output\"><\/div><p class=\"nd-chart-fallback\">Interactive chart: winding_temperature &#8211; torque directional output. Enable JavaScript to explore it.<\/p><script type=\"application\/json\">{\"config\":{\"displayModeBar\":true,\"displaylogo\":false,\"editable\":false,\"responsive\":true,\"scrollZoom\":true,\"toImageButtonOptions\":{\"filename\":\"neural-designer-chart\",\"format\":\"svg\"}},\"data\":[{\"connectgaps\":false,\"line\":{\"color\":\"#529cc2\",\"dash\":\"solid\",\"shape\":\"spline\",\"width\":2},\"mode\":\"lines\",\"name\":\"winding_temperature\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"scatter\",\"x\":[-200,-190,-180,-170,-160,-150,-140,-130,-120,-110,-100,-90,-80,-70,-60,-50,-40,-30,-20,-10,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110,120,130,140,150,160,170,180,190,200,210,220,230,240,250,260,270,280,290,300],\"y\":[30.399999618530273,30.700000762939453,31.100000381469727,31.399999618530273,31.799999237060547,32.29999923706055,32.70000076293945,33.20000076293945,33.79999923706055,34.29999923706055,34.900001525878906,35.599998474121094,36.29999923706055,37.099998474121094,37.900001525878906,38.79999923706055,39.70000076293945,40.70000076293945,41.79999923706055,42.900001525878906,44.099998474121094,45.400001525878906,46.70000076293945,48.099998474121094,49.599998474121094,51.099998474121094,52.70000076293945,54.400001525878906,56.099998474121094,57.900001525878906,59.70000076293945,61.599998474121094,63.5,65.4000015258789,67.4000015258789,69.4000015258789,71.30000305175781,73.30000305175781,75.19999694824219,77.0999984741211,79,80.80000305175781,82.5999984741211,84.30000305175781,86,87.5999984741211,89.19999694824219,90.69999694824219,92.0999984741211,93.5,94.69999694824219]},{\"connectgaps\":false,\"marker\":{\"color\":\"#3c3c3c\",\"size\":8,\"symbol\":\"circle\"},\"mode\":\"markers\",\"name\":\"winding_temperature\",\"opacity\":1,\"showlegend\":false,\"type\":\"scatter\",\"x\":[20.091999053955078],\"y\":[46.707298278808594]}],\"layout\":{\"autosize\":true,\"font\":{\"color\":\"#30343b\",\"family\":\"Arial, sans-serif\",\"size\":14},\"hovermode\":\"closest\",\"margin\":{\"b\":68,\"l\":72,\"pad\":4,\"r\":36,\"t\":112},\"paper_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"plot_bgcolor\":\"#ffffff\",\"title\":{\"automargin\":true,\"pad\":{\"t\":48},\"text\":\"winding_temperature - torque directional output\",\"x\":0.5,\"xanchor\":\"center\",\"y\":1,\"yanchor\":\"top\",\"yref\":\"container\"},\"xaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[-200,300.1],\"title\":{\"text\":\"torque\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"},\"yaxis\":{\"automargin\":true,\"gridcolor\":\"#d9dde3\",\"linecolor\":\"#9aa3ad\",\"range\":[0,140.02],\"title\":{\"text\":\"winding_temperature\"},\"zerolinecolor\":\"#aeb6c2\"}}}<\/script><\/div><figcaption>winding_temperature &#8211; torque directional output. Exported with Neural Designer from the saved task report. Other inputs are held at the saved reference point. This is a model response, not a causal effect.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nd-model-calculator\" id=\"nd-model-electric-motor\"><h3>Explore the exported model<\/h3><p>This research demonstration runs locally in your browser. Values outside the training range are outside the validated domain and are rejected. A valid input range does not guarantee that a combination is physically or operationally plausible.<\/p><p>This is not a certified control or protection system.<\/p><div class=\"nd-model-fields\"><\/div><div class=\"nd-model-actions\"><button class=\"aui aui-button nd-model-calculate\" type=\"button\">Calculate<\/button><button class=\"aui aui-button aui-button--secondary nd-model-reset\" type=\"button\">Reset example<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nd-model-result\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div><\/div><script data-noptimize=\"1\">(()=>{function Identity(x) {\n\treturn x;\n}\nfunction Tanh(x) {\n\treturn Math.tanh(x);\n}\nfunction calculate_outputs(inputs)\n{\n\tvar ambient_temperature = +inputs[0];\n\tvar coolant_temperature = +inputs[1];\n\tvar speed = +inputs[2];\n\tvar torque = +inputs[3];\n\tvar voltage_d = +inputs[4];\n\tvar voltage_q = +inputs[5];\n\tvar current_d = +inputs[6];\n\tvar current_q = +inputs[7];\n\n\tvar scaled_ambient_temperature = ambient_temperature*0.5461078882-13.18375492;\n\tvar scaled_coolant_temperature = coolant_temperature*0.04378743842-1.460455537;\n\tvar scaled_speed = speed*0.0005214199191-1.107308149;\n\tvar scaled_torque = torque*0.01932763122-0.8653869629;\n\tvar scaled_voltage_d = voltage_d*0.02027542144+0.8580294251;\n\tvar scaled_voltage_q = voltage_q*0.02230420336-1.172518611;\n\tvar scaled_current_d = current_d*0.01495570876+0.9053019285;\n\tvar scaled_current_q = current_q*0.01610692404-0.877756536;\n\tvar dense_layer_1_output_0 = Tanh( 0.2011326849 + (0.06601332873*scaled_ambient_temperature) + (-0.8826991916*scaled_coolant_temperature) + (-0.2281557471*scaled_speed) + (-0.2767848074*scaled_torque) + (-0.06893666089*scaled_voltage_d) + (0.093228966*scaled_voltage_q) + (0.3511003852*scaled_current_d) + (-0.1112168878*scaled_current_q) );\n\tvar dense_layer_1_output_1 = Tanh( -0.546661675 + (0.009542513639*scaled_ambient_temperature) + (0.007516624406*scaled_coolant_temperature) + (0.3635134697*scaled_speed) + (0.1624956429*scaled_torque) + (-0.1173372567*scaled_voltage_d) + (-0.2568725944*scaled_voltage_q) + (-0.3111353219*scaled_current_d) + (0.1146127656*scaled_current_q) );\n\tvar dense_layer_1_output_2 = Tanh( -0.06629308313 + (0.2327448875*scaled_ambient_temperature) + (0.4965815842*scaled_coolant_temperature) + (0.3473118246*scaled_speed) + (-0.01334862784*scaled_torque) + (-0.06440013647*scaled_voltage_d) + (-0.2077158391*scaled_voltage_q) + (-0.1893587261*scaled_current_d) + (-0.1069711968*scaled_current_q) );\n\tvar approximation_layer_output_0 = Identity( 0.06994530559 + (-1.197369933*dense_layer_1_output_0) + (-0.3410637677*dense_layer_1_output_1) + (0.5745410919*dense_layer_1_output_2) );\n\tvar approximation_layer_output_1 = Identity( 0.2718775868 + (-0.9767029881*dense_layer_1_output_0) + (0.2939479649*dense_layer_1_output_1) + (0.5318338275*dense_layer_1_output_2) );\n\tvar approximation_layer_output_2 = Identity( 0.3927091956 + (-0.8411740065*dense_layer_1_output_0) + (0.6968111992*dense_layer_1_output_1) + (0.3636739552*dense_layer_1_output_2) );\n\tvar approximation_layer_output_3 = Identity( 0.3476520479 + (-0.145396933*dense_layer_1_output_0) + (0.7270947099*dense_layer_1_output_1) + (1.012493014*dense_layer_1_output_2) );\n\tvar unscaling_layer_output_0=approximation_layer_output_0*19.62649918+44.41279984;\n\tvar unscaling_layer_output_1=approximation_layer_output_1*23.20499992+52.43199921;\n\tvar unscaling_layer_output_2=approximation_layer_output_2*29.80629921+60.33789825;\n\tvar unscaling_layer_output_3=approximation_layer_output_3*19.83410072+57.56999969;\n\tvar yoke_temperature = unscaling_layer_output_0;\n\tvar tooth_temperature = unscaling_layer_output_1;\n\tvar winding_temperature = unscaling_layer_output_2;\n\tvar magnet_temperature = unscaling_layer_output_3;\n\tvar out = [];\n\tout.push(yoke_temperature);\n\tout.push(tooth_temperature);\n\tout.push(winding_temperature);\n\tout.push(magnet_temperature);\n\n\treturn out;\n}\nconst cfg={\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"ambient_temperature\",\"n\":1,\"type\":\"Numeric\",\"categories\":[],\"min\":19.5748,\"max\":28.0099,\"value\":23.41309928894043,\"unit\":\"\u00b0C\"},{\"name\":\"coolant_temperature\",\"n\":1,\"type\":\"Numeric\",\"categories\":[],\"min\":16.3071,\"max\":91.1238,\"value\":18.790199279785156,\"unit\":\"\u00b0C\"},{\"name\":\"speed\",\"n\":1,\"type\":\"Numeric\",\"categories\":[],\"min\":-0.0014,\"max\":5999.94,\"value\":999.988525390625,\"unit\":\"rpm\"},{\"name\":\"torque\",\"n\":1,\"type\":\"Numeric\",\"categories\":[],\"min\":-127.603,\"max\":206.177,\"value\":103.01329803466797,\"unit\":\"N\u00b7m\"},{\"name\":\"voltage_d\",\"n\":1,\"type\":\"Numeric\",\"categories\":[],\"min\":-130.885,\"max\":113.65,\"value\":-43.10100173950195,\"unit\":\"\"},{\"name\":\"voltage_q\",\"n\":1,\"type\":\"Numeric\",\"categories\":[],\"min\":-2.2669,\"max\":132.004,\"value\":43.37329864501953,\"unit\":\"\"},{\"name\":\"current_d\",\"n\":1,\"type\":\"Numeric\",\"categories\":[],\"min\":-230.543,\"max\":0.0002,\"value\":-43.49810028076172,\"unit\":\"\"},{\"name\":\"current_q\",\"n\":1,\"type\":\"Numeric\",\"categories\":[],\"min\":-149.379,\"max\":242.387,\"value\":132.5865020751953,\"unit\":\"\"}],\"output_names\":[\"yoke_temperature\",\"tooth_temperature\",\"winding_temperature\",\"magnet_temperature\"],\"reference\":[30.30358822485394,37.03584051697743,44.200293300680514,43.181462668156954]},root=document.getElementById(\"nd-model-electric-motor\");if(!root)return;const grid=root.querySelector(\".nd-model-fields\"),result=root.querySelector(\".nd-model-result\"),controls=[];cfg.fields.forEach((f,i)=>{const wrap=document.createElement(\"div\");wrap.className=\"nd-model-field\";const label=document.createElement(\"label\"),id=root.id+\"-\"+i;label.htmlFor=id;label.textContent=f.name.replaceAll(\"_\",\" \")+(f.unit?\" (\"+f.unit+\")\":\"\");let input;if(f.categories?.length){input=document.createElement(\"select\");f.categories.forEach((name,k)=>{const option=document.createElement(\"option\");option.value=String(k);option.textContent=name;input.appendChild(option);});}else{input=document.createElement(\"input\");input.type=\"number\";input.step=\"any\";input.min=String(f.min);input.max=String(f.max);}input.id=id;input.value=String(f.value);wrap.append(label,input);grid.appendChild(wrap);controls.push(input);});const calculate=()=>{const inputs=[];let valid=true;cfg.fields.forEach((f,i)=>{const el=controls[i],v=Number(el.value);let bad=el.value.trim()===\"\"||!Number.isFinite(v);if(!f.categories?.length)bad=bad||v<f.min||v>f.max;el.setAttribute(\"aria-invalid\",bad?\"true\":\"false\");if(bad)valid=false;if(f.n>1){for(let k=0;k<f.n;k++)inputs.push(k===v?1:0);}else inputs.push(v);});if(!valid){result.textContent=\"Enter a valid value within every displayed input range.\";return;}let outputs=calculate_outputs(inputs);if(outputs.some(v=>!Number.isFinite(v))){result.textContent=\"The model could not evaluate these inputs.\";return;}result.textContent=outputs.map((v,i)=>cfg.output_names[i]+\": \"+Number(v.toPrecision(7))).join(\"\\n\");root.dataset.outputs=JSON.stringify(outputs);};root.querySelector(\".nd-model-calculate\").addEventListener(\"click\",calculate);root.querySelector(\".nd-model-reset\").addEventListener(\"click\",()=>{controls.forEach((el,i)=>el.value=String(cfg.fields[i].value));calculate();});calculate();})();<\/script><div class=\"ndb-downloads\"><a class=\"aui aui-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electric-motor-neural-designer-20260921.zip\">Download project and exports (ZIP)<\/a><a class=\"aui aui-button aui-button--secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electric-motor-data-20260921.csv\">Download source data (CSV)<\/a><a class=\"aui aui-button aui-button--secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electric-motor-schema-20260921.zip\">Download input schema (ZIP)<\/a><a class=\"aui aui-button aui-button--secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/downloads\/\">Reproduce with Neural Designer<\/a><\/div><\/section>\n<section id=\"8-limitations\" class=\"ndb-card\"><h2>8. Scope and limitations<\/h2><p>Thirty-five test records provide limited evidence for a thermal model. Hold out complete sessions or machines and test transient regimes separately. This static estimator is a component for investigation, not a validated dynamic twin, controller or thermal protection system.<\/p><p>No external validation or independent calibration study is included. Preprocessing statistics and model choices should be refitted within a prospective or grouped validation design. Correlations and directional responses describe associations, not causes. Human review is required before an operational decision.<\/p><\/section>\n<section id=\"references\" class=\"ndb-card\"><h2>References<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/wkirgsn\/electric-motor-temperature\">Dataset source and provenance<\/a>.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/electric-motor-neural-designer-20260921.zip\">Neural Designer project and saved task evidence, 21 September 2026<\/a>.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/learning\/tutorials\/testing-analysis\/\">Neural Designer testing-analysis documentation<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-cfasync=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.plot.ly\/plotly-basic-4.0.0.min.js\"><\/script><script data-noptimize=\"1\">(()=>{const start=()=>{if(!window.Plotly)return;document.querySelectorAll('.nd-chart-bundle').forEach(bundle=>{if(bundle.dataset.started)return;bundle.dataset.started='1';const host=bundle.querySelector('.nd-chart-host'),source=bundle.querySelector('script[type=\"application\/json\"]');if(!host||!source)return;const figure=JSON.parse(source.textContent);window.Plotly.newPlot(host,figure.data,figure.layout,figure.config).then(async()=>{const title=host.querySelector('.gtitle');if(title)host.style.minWidth=Math.ceil(title.getComputedTextLength()+48)+'px';await window.Plotly.Plots.resize(host);bundle.classList.add('is-ready');if(window.ResizeObserver){let timer;new ResizeObserver(()=>{clearTimeout(timer);timer=setTimeout(()=>window.Plotly.Plots.resize(host),80);}).observe(bundle);}}).catch(error=>{bundle.dataset.error=String(error);console.error(error);});});};const ready=()=>{if(window.Plotly){start();return;}let count=0;const timer=setInterval(()=>{if(window.Plotly){clearInterval(timer);start();}else if(++count>200)clearInterval(timer);},50);};if(document.readyState==='loading')document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',ready,{once:true});else ready();})();<\/script>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":2265,"template":"","categories":[29],"tags":[41,43],"class_list":["post-3483","learning","type-learning","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-examples","tag-automotive","tag-industry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Build a digital twin of an electric motor using machine learning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Use machine learning to build a digital twin of an electric motor to ensure electric engines are the best in the market.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/learning\/examples\/electric-motor-temperature-digital-twin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Electric motor temperature machine learning example\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The advance of new technology and electric cars has been taking place recently. 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