{"id":3525,"date":"2025-08-28T11:12:58","date_gmt":"2025-08-28T09:12:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neuraldesigner.com\/learning\/urinary-inflammation-diagnosis\/"},"modified":"2025-12-05T11:49:56","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T10:49:56","slug":"urinary-diseases-machine-learning","status":"publish","type":"learning","link":"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/learning\/examples\/urinary-diseases-machine-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"Diagnosis of urinary diseases using Machine Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3525\" class=\"elementor elementor-3525\" data-elementor-post-type=\"learning\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70910023 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70910023\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9748b07\" data-id=\"9748b07\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45fdd28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45fdd28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b29bdb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b29bdb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"287\" data-end=\"485\">This application uses machine learning to assist health professionals in identifying renal pelvis nephritis, providing a presumptive <strong data-start=\"282\" data-end=\"315\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/solutions\/medical-diagnosis\/\">diagnosis<\/a><\/strong> to complement expert evaluation.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"487\" data-end=\"709\">Renal pelvis nephritis is relatively common and can be difficult to diagnose early, as symptoms often overlap with other renal conditions.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"993\">Our neural network model analyzes patient symptom data from the dataset to predict acute renal pelvis nephritis.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"993\">This approach offers healthcare professionals an additional tool to support diagnostic decision-making and improve patient care.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"993\">Healthcare professionals can test this methodology by downloading Neural Designer<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4bfdaa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c4bfdaa\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a33da4 elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7a33da4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/downloads\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-download\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M216 0h80c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v168h87.7c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L269.7 378.3c-7.5 7.5-19.8 7.5-27.3 0L90.1 226.1c-12.6-12.6-3.7-34.1 14.1-34.1H192V24c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24zm296 376v112c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24H24c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V376c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h146.7l49 49c20.1 20.1 52.5 20.1 72.6 0l49-49H488c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24zm-124 88c0-11-9-20-20-20s-20 9-20 20 9 20 20 20 20-9 20-20zm64 0c0-11-9-20-20-20s-20 9-20 20 9 20 20 20 20-9 20-20z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfa802e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfa802e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Contents<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a801eef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a801eef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The following index outlines the steps for performing the analysis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b94da25 e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b94da25\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d81feed elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d81feed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#application_type\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">1.Model type<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79469a3 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"79469a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#dataset\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">2.Dataset<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ed67a7 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9ed67a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#neural_network\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">3.Neural network<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89224cd elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"89224cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#training_strategy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">4.Training strategy<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6d73bc elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e6d73bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#testing_analysis\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">5.Testing analysis<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a53a64 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4a53a64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#model_deployment\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">6.Model deployment<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8781e94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8781e94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"application_type\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Model type<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c96e424 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c96e424\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n \t<li data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1174\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"1092\" data-end=\"1174\"><strong data-start=\"1092\" data-end=\"1109\">Problem type:<\/strong> Binary <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/learning\/tutorials\/neural-networks-applications#Classification\">classification<\/a> (presence or absence of urinary disease)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1326\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1326\"><strong data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1186\">Goal:<\/strong> Model the probability of renal pelvis nephritis based on patient features and diagnostic test results to support clinical decision-making<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b062c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9b062c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"dataset\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Data set<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-401ddb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"401ddb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Data source<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The dataset contains 120 instances and 7 variables for this example.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e87935 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0e87935\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-451682d elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"451682d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/neprhitis_of_renal_pelvis_origin-1.csv\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-file-download\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224 136V0H24C10.7 0 0 10.7 0 24v464c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h336c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V160H248c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm76.45 211.36l-96.42 95.7c-6.65 6.61-17.39 6.61-24.04 0l-96.42-95.7C73.42 337.29 80.54 320 94.82 320H160v-80c0-8.84 7.16-16 16-16h32c8.84 0 16 7.16 16 16v80h65.18c14.28 0 21.4 17.29 11.27 27.36zM377 105L279.1 7c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H256v128h128v-6.1c0-6.3-2.5-12.4-7-16.9z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Dataset<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4799c38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4799c38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Variables<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d5cac2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d5cac2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The dataset contains 6<strong data-start=\"153\" data-end=\"174\">\u00a0input variables<\/strong> representing patients\u2019 symptoms, as well as the target variable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9708bd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9708bd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Patient variables<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a11c93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a11c93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-start=\"315\" data-end=\"722\">\n \t<li data-start=\"315\" data-end=\"373\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"317\" data-end=\"373\"><strong>temperature (\u00b0C)<\/strong> \u2013 The patient\u2019s body temperature.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li data-start=\"374\" data-end=\"454\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"454\"><strong data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"392\">nausea (yes or no)<\/strong> \u2013 Indicates if the patient feels nauseated while urinating.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li data-start=\"455\" data-end=\"511\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"457\" data-end=\"511\"><strong data-start=\"457\" data-end=\"478\">lumbar_pain (yes or no)<\/strong> \u2013 Lumbar pain while urinating.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li data-start=\"512\" data-end=\"596\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"514\" data-end=\"596\"><strong data-start=\"514\" data-end=\"537\">urine_pushing (yes or no)<\/strong> \u2013 Urgent need to urinate even when the bladder is empty.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"652\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"599\" data-end=\"652\"><strong data-start=\"599\" data-end=\"625\">micturition_pain (yes or no)<\/strong> \u2013 Pain during urination.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li data-start=\"653\" data-end=\"722\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"655\" data-end=\"722\"><strong data-start=\"655\" data-end=\"683\">burning_of_urethra (yes or no)<\/strong> \u2013 Burning sensation while urinating.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69cbac9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69cbac9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Target<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab4ff30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab4ff30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>nephritis of renal pelvis origin (yes or no) \u2013<\/strong> Indicates renal pelvis nephritis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5842517 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5842517\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Instances<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The dataset\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/learning\/tutorials\/data-set#Instances\">instances<\/a> are split into training (60%), validation (20%), and testing (20%) subsets by default.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">You can adjust them as needed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c6ea2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76c6ea2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Variables distributions<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b512c47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b512c47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Variable distributions can be examined; the figure shows a pie chart of positive and negative cases of renal pelvis nephritis in the dataset.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af6f4fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"af6f4fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"504\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1.-inflammation_of_urinary_bladder-pie-chart-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-16187\" alt=\"Target variable distribution for renal pelvis nephritis prediction using machine learning\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1.-inflammation_of_urinary_bladder-pie-chart-1.png 504w, https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1.-inflammation_of_urinary_bladder-pie-chart-1-300x226.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a743201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a743201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As depicted in the image, positive cases of nephritis of renal pelvis origin represent 41% of the samples, while negative cases represent 58%.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b383b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b383b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Input-target correlations<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-321a145 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"321a145\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/learning\/tutorials\/data-set#InputsTargetsCorrelations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">input-target correlations<\/a> indicate which factors most influence whether a patient has nephritis of renal pelvis origin and, therefore, are more relevant to our analysis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d644d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4d644d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"626\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2.nephritis_of_renal_pelvis_origin-Pearson-correlations-chart-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-16221\" alt=\"Graph showing the correlation between patient symptoms and nephritis of renal pelvis origin for renal pelvis nephritis machine learning analysis\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2.nephritis_of_renal_pelvis_origin-Pearson-correlations-chart-1.png 626w, https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2.nephritis_of_renal_pelvis_origin-Pearson-correlations-chart-1-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2.nephritis_of_renal_pelvis_origin-Pearson-correlations-chart-1-600x362.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d46db6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d46db6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Here, the most correlated variables with malignant tumors are\u00a0<b>lumbar pain<\/b>,\u00a0<b>occurrence of nausea<\/b>, and\u00a0<b>burning of urethra<\/b>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3fdeb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c3fdeb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"neural_network\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Neural network<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da439fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da439fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A neural network is an artificial intelligence model inspired by how the human brain processes information.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It is organized in layers: the input layer receives the variables, and the output layer provides the probability of belonging to a given class.<\/p><p>The network learns patterns fr style=&#8221;text-align: justify;&#8221;om historical data to predict nephritis, providing objective support for clinical decision-making.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e36c2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6e36c2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"460\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3.Network-architecture.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-16190\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3.Network-architecture.png 921w, https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3.Network-architecture-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3.Network-architecture-768x442.png 768w, https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3.Network-architecture-600x345.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03d57a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03d57a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The network processes six diagnostic variables and produces a single output: the probability of developing nephritis of renal pelvis origin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c5a463 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c5a463\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"training_strategy\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Training strategy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c523ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c523ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Training a neural network involves using a loss function and an optimization algorithm to learn from data while avoiding overfitting, ensuring good performance on new cases.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-686818e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"686818e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/4.Quasi-Newton-method-errors-history.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-16191\" alt=\"Training and selection errors decreasing over iterations using quasi-Newton method for renal pelvis nephritis machine learning model.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/4.Quasi-Newton-method-errors-history.png 640w, https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/4.Quasi-Newton-method-errors-history-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/4.Quasi-Newton-method-errors-history-600x413.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59ba4ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59ba4ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The model was trained to minimize errors while avoiding overfitting, achieving steady <strong>training<\/strong> and <strong>selection<\/strong> errors (<strong>0.023<\/strong> and <strong>0.016<\/strong>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4f8eda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4f8eda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"testing_analysis\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. Testing analysis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-856db78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"856db78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An exhaustive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/learning\/tutorials\/testing-analysis\">testing analysis<\/a>\u00a0is performed to validate the generalization performance of the trained neural network.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-312b070 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"312b070\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ROC curve<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0a84f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0a84f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/learning\/tutorials\/testing-analysis#RocCurve\">ROC curve<\/a> evaluates the model\u2019s ability to distinguish between patients with and without nephritis.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A random classifier scores 0.5, while a perfect classifier scores 1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e31a35a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e31a35a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/5.ROC-chart.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-16192\" alt=\"ROC curve showing the performance of the renal pelvis nephritis neural network model, AUC = 1.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/5.ROC-chart.png 540w, https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/5.ROC-chart-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/5.ROC-chart-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/5.ROC-chart-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/5.ROC-chart-120x120.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a34af5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a34af5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>AUC<\/strong> obtained is of <strong>1<\/strong>, showing that the model performs perfectly at distinguishing between patients with and without renal pelvis nephritis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cea9b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0cea9b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Confusion matrix<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff6abc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff6abc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p >The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/learning\/tutorials\/testing-analysis#ConfusionMatrix\">confusion matrix<\/a> shows the model\u2019s performance by comparing predicted and actual diagnoses. It includes:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a2daa7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a2daa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n \t<li data-start=\"197\" data-end=\"283\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"199\" data-end=\"283\"><strong data-start=\"199\" data-end=\"218\">True positives:<\/strong> patients correctly identified as having renal pelvis nephritis<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li data-start=\"284\" data-end=\"360\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"286\" data-end=\"360\"><strong data-start=\"286\" data-end=\"306\">False positives:<\/strong> patients incorrectly identified as having nephritis<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li data-start=\"361\" data-end=\"449\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"363\" data-end=\"449\"><strong data-start=\"363\" data-end=\"383\">False negatives:<\/strong> patients with nephritis incorrectly identified as not having it<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"530\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"452\" data-end=\"530\"><strong data-start=\"452\" data-end=\"471\">True negatives:<\/strong> patients correctly identified as not having nephritis<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fc8a9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fc8a9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For a decision threshold of 0.5, the confusion matrix was:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b294533 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b294533\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dcb2e2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0dcb2e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table class=\"mi-tabla\" style=\"margin: auto; display: table; border-collapse: collapse;\"><tbody><tr><th>\u00a0<\/th><th>Predicted positive<\/th><th>Predicted negative<\/th><\/tr><tr><th style=\"text-align: left;\">Real positive<\/th><td style=\"text-align: right;\">9<\/td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th style=\"text-align: left;\">Real negative<\/th><td style=\"text-align: right;\">0<\/td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">15<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcd50ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcd50ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this case, <strong>100%<\/strong> of cases were <strong>correctly classified<\/strong>\u00a0and <b>0% <\/b>were\u00a0<strong>misclassified<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea06f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5ea06f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Binary classification<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2432f11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2432f11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The performance of this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/learning\/tutorials\/testing-analysis#BinaryClassificationTests\">binary classification<\/a> model is summarized with standard measures:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a92891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a92891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n \t<li data-start=\"219\" data-end=\"281\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"221\" data-end=\"281\"><strong data-start=\"221\" data-end=\"234\">Accuracy:<\/strong> 100% of patients were correctly classified.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li data-start=\"282\" data-end=\"335\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"284\" data-end=\"335\"><strong data-start=\"284\" data-end=\"299\">Error rate:<\/strong> 0% of cases were misclassified.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li data-start=\"336\" data-end=\"415\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"338\" data-end=\"415\"><strong data-start=\"338\" data-end=\"354\">Sensitivity:<\/strong> 100% of patients with nephritis were correctly identified.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li data-start=\"416\" data-end=\"497\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p data-start=\"418\" data-end=\"497\"><strong data-start=\"418\" data-end=\"434\">Specificity:<\/strong> 100% of patients without nephritis were correctly identified.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d667217 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d667217\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">These measures indicate that the model is highly effective at distinguishing between patients with and without renal pelvis nephritis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e60627 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e60627\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"model_deployment\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6. Model deployment<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e17d3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e17d3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"208\" data-end=\"349\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">After confirming the neural network\u2019s ability to generalize, the model can be saved for future use in deployment mode.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"208\" data-end=\"349\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">This allows the trained network to be applied to new patients, using their clinical variables to calculate the probability of having renal pelvis nephritis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f85473e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f85473e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/urinary_inflammation_model.html\"\nwidth=\"100%\" height=\"800\"\nstyle=\"border:none\"><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a1de44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a1de44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In deployment mode, healthcare professionals can use the model as a reliable diagnostic support tool for classifying new patients.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The software exports the trained model automatically, making it easy to integrate into clinical practice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d09a8a0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d09a8a0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fd9f41 elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3fd9f41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/downloads\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-download\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M216 0h80c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v168h87.7c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L269.7 378.3c-7.5 7.5-19.8 7.5-27.3 0L90.1 226.1c-12.6-12.6-3.7-34.1 14.1-34.1H192V24c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24zm296 376v112c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24H24c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V376c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h146.7l49 49c20.1 20.1 52.5 20.1 72.6 0l49-49H488c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24zm-124 88c0-11-9-20-20-20s-20 9-20 20 9 20 20 20 20-9 20-20zm64 0c0-11-9-20-20-20s-20 9-20 20 9 20 20 20 20-9 20-20z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ae7bad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ae7bad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd59b8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd59b8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The renal pelvis nephritis diagnostic model, built with the\u00a0dataset, showed outstanding performance (AUC = 1, accuracy = 100%).<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The most relevant features\u2014lumbar pain, nausea, and burning urination\u2014match established clinical knowledge, confirming its reliability.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">With strong generalization to new patients, this approach can support healthcare professionals by providing presumptive diagnoses that complement expert evaluation and improve decision-making.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0fa0d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d0fa0d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae67dbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae67dbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">UCI Machine Learning Repository.<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ics.uci.edu\/ml\/datasets\/Acute+Inflammations\">Acute inflammations data set<\/a>.<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">J.Czerniak, H.Zarzycki, Application of rough sets in the presumptive diagnosis of urinary system diseases, Artificial Intelligence and Security in Computing Systems, ACS&#8217;2002 9th International Conference Proceedings, Kluwer Academic Publishers,2003, pp. 41-51.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96c3f85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96c3f85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Related posts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":1350,"template":"","categories":[29],"tags":[38],"class_list":["post-3525","learning","type-learning","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-examples","tag-healthcare"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Diagnosis of urinary diseases using Machine Learning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Renal pelvis nephritis machine learning helps healthcare professionals predict nephritis based on patient symptoms.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraldesigner.com\/learning\/examples\/urinary-diseases-machine-learning\/\" \/>\n<meta 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